A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Westminster reveals that the shape of the gluteus maximus muscle may provide insights into metabolic health. The findings suggest that variations in muscle shape are influenced by age, gender, lifestyle, and frailty, potentially indicating underlying metabolic differences. This research was presented in December 2023 at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago.
The study analyzed over 61,000 MRI scans from a comprehensive health database in the UK. It aimed to understand how the structure of the gluteus maximus relates to various health indicators, including fitness levels, aging, and lifestyle behaviors. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on muscle size or fat distribution, this research employed advanced 3D imaging techniques to pinpoint specific areas where muscle shape changes occur.
According to lead author E. Louise Thomas, Ph.D., a professor of metabolic imaging at the University of Westminster’s School of Life Sciences, the gluteus maximus plays a crucial role in metabolic health. The research found that individuals who engaged in higher levels of physical activity, as measured by vigorous exercise and hand grip strength, exhibited a more robust gluteus maximus shape. In contrast, factors such as aging, frailty, and prolonged sitting were linked to noticeable muscle thinning.
Co-author Marjola Thanaj, Ph.D., a senior research fellow at the University of Westminster’s Research Centre for Optimal Health, highlighted the implications of these findings. She noted that changes in gluteus maximus shape could signal “early functional decline” and “metabolic compromise,” particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study indicated that men with type 2 diabetes experienced muscle shrinkage, while women displayed an enlarged muscle, likely due to fat infiltration.
The research also revealed differences in muscle health between genders. Men categorized as “frail” showed a more pronounced general shrinkage in the gluteus maximus, while women experienced a more limited frailty effect. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring muscle health as a potential indicator of overall well-being.
Experts advocate for strengthening the glute muscles to promote long-term health. Tanya Becker, co-founder of Physique 57 in New York City, emphasized that focusing on the glutes, the largest muscle group in the body, is essential. She referred to the glutes as the body’s “shock absorbers,” which help protect the lower back, knees, and hips from undue stress. Becker noted that larger muscle groups burn more calories and play a role in regulating blood sugar levels.
She recommended traditional strength exercises such as squats, lunges, and bridges, although she acknowledged that these may not be suitable for everyone, particularly older adults with injuries or joint pain. Becker suggested alternatives like Pilates and barre classes, which incorporate bodyweight exercises that can be accessible for beginners or those with physical limitations.
Engaging in regular strength training exercises targeting the glutes not only enhances muscle shape but also contributes to improved posture and balance, thereby reducing the risk of falls and enhancing mobility. The research from the University of Westminster highlights the importance of understanding muscle structure and its implications for metabolic health, paving the way for future studies focused on preventative health measures.
