On November 17, 1959, a significant moment in jazz history unfolded as saxophonist Ornette Coleman debuted his quartet at the Five Spot, a renowned jazz venue in New York City. This performance marked the release of their innovative album, “The Shape of Jazz to Come,” produced by Atlantic Records. Coleman was joined on stage by fellow musicians Don Cherry, Charlie Haden, and Billy Higgins, together pushing the boundaries of jazz into new territory.
Coleman’s approach, influenced by bebop and rhythm and blues, was characterized by what he termed “harmolodics.” This philosophy represented a departure from traditional jazz frameworks. In the liner notes of his 1960 album, “Change of the Century,” Coleman stated, “The members of my group and I are now attempting a break-through to a new, freer conception of jazz, one that departs from all that is ‘standard’ and cliché.”
A Transformative Performance
The Five Spot, located at Cooper Square near the previously dilapidated Bowery, had already gained attention in the jazz scene, particularly after hosting pianist Cecil Taylor in 1957. Coleman’s performance drew a diverse crowd of jazz enthusiasts, critics, and curious onlookers, all eager to experience this shift towards what would later be known as “free jazz.” Lines stretched around the block, and influential figures such as writer James Baldwin and artist Robert Rauschenberg made their way to the bustling venue to witness the event.
Originally scheduled for a two-week engagement, the performance was extended well into 1960 due to overwhelming demand. Coleman’s time at the Five Spot became a pivotal chapter in jazz history, influencing the trajectory of creative improvisation not only in Texas but across the globe.
The Lasting Legacy of Ornette Coleman
As jazz evolved, Coleman’s innovations resonated with musicians and audiences alike, leading to a broader acceptance of experimental forms within the genre. His contributions helped redefine jazz in the latter half of the 20th century, encouraging artists to explore their creativity beyond established norms.
According to Maria Golia‘s book, “Ornette Coleman: The Territory and the Adventure,” Coleman’s artistic vision and performances have left an indelible mark on music, becoming a beacon for future generations of jazz musicians. Similarly, David Oliphant noted in “Texan Jazz” that Coleman’s influence continues to inspire artists, emphasizing the significance of his work in the context of Texas and beyond.
The legacy of Ornette Coleman at the Five Spot serves as a reminder of the transformative power of music and the ongoing evolution of jazz as an art form. His groundbreaking performance represents a moment when the jazz world shifted, embracing new ideas that would shape its future.
