A framework agreement aimed at establishing a peace deal has been signed between the Congolese government and the M23 rebel group, which is backed by Rwanda. The agreement was finalized on Saturday in Doha, marking another attempt to resolve the long-standing conflict in eastern Congo that has persisted for decades.
Earlier this year, M23 seized control of Goma and Bukavu, two significant urban centers in the region, intensifying the ongoing crisis. With over 7 million people displaced due to the violence, the United Nations has described the situation in Congo as one of the most complex and serious humanitarian crises in the world.
During a video statement posted on X, Benjamin Mbonimpa, head of the M23 delegation, emphasized that this agreement is a framework outlining necessary measures for a final peace deal, not a comprehensive peace agreement itself. He stated, “There will be neither any change in the situation on the ground, nor any activity whatsoever, until the measures are debated, negotiated and discussed one by one and a final peace agreement is reached.”
The Congolese government confirmed that the framework agreement includes eight essential measures serving as the foundation for a future peace deal. Two of these measures involve previously agreed-upon terms regarding prisoner releases and the establishment of a ceasefire oversight body, which were signed in September and October. The remaining six measures will address issues such as restoring state authority in areas controlled by rebels, facilitating humanitarian access, and resettling refugees. These points are set for discussion and negotiation within the next two weeks.
Qatar has played a pivotal role in facilitating dialogues since April, hosting multiple rounds of talks between Congo and M23. The discussions have primarily focused on establishing preconditions for a peace deal and building mutual trust. Despite these efforts, both parties have accused one another of violating earlier agreements, and armed conflict has continued.
In July, Congo and M23 had signed a declaration of principles in Qatar, committing to resolve the conflict and finalize a comprehensive peace agreement by August 18, 2023. However, they failed to meet this deadline, with both sides blaming each other for breaches of the terms.
At the Doha signing ceremony, Massad Boulos, a senior adviser to former U.S. President Donald Trump, remarked that the framework agreement represents a “starting point.” He expressed optimism about the potential outcomes, calling it a “historic” opportunity for peace in the region.
The Trump administration has actively engaged in mediation efforts between Rwanda and Congo, leading to a peace agreement between the two nations in June. The role of international actors, including the United States, continues to be crucial in navigating this complex conflict and fostering dialogue aimed at achieving lasting peace.
